| Micro grid OrkneyLaatste geactualiseerd op 30 november 2009Het Schotse Orkney bevindt zich aan het einde van het gecentraliseerde elektriciteitsnet. Tegelijk is het het centrum van off-shore elektriciteitsproductie. Volgens de eilanders moet het net dus worden omgekeerd. Niet van kern en kolencentrales, uiteindelijk naar Orkney. Maar duurzame energie van Orkney naar het vaste land van Schotland.  
 
 Het probleem van OrkneyHet probleem van Orkney laat zich kort samenvatten: de vanuit Europa geinstigeerde 'liberalisering' en marktordening verhindert de verduurzaming van de elektriciteitsvoorziening. Klinkt dat bekend?  
 
 De visieDe eilanders hebben een visie. Het liefst zouden ze de hele EU van duurzame zee-energie voorzien.  
 
 Off-shore super gridDus lanceren ze het idee van een off-shore supergrid. Niet geheel toevallig ligt Orkney op de route.  
 
 EU subsidieDe EU wil natuurlijk niet in een kwaad daglicht staan. Bovendien wil ze erbij zijn wanneer ergens winst valt te behalen. Dus Orkney krijgt geld om te laten zien wat ze kan. Dat bevoorraden van Europa moet ze nog maar even opzouten. Maar de EU begrijpt ook dat ze er niet mee wegkomt als ze eist  dat het eiland netjes afhankelijk moet blijven van fossiele energiereuzen  terwijl ze eigenlijk zelfvoorzienend kan zijn. Een lokaal eiland netwerkje voor de aalscholvers en jan van gents kan er wel vanaf. En o.a. de KEMA kijkt mee en plaatst het in Europees propagandaperspectief:  Connection opportunities for distributed generation on the distribution network 
        of the Orkney islands in Scotland is currently limited by network constraints. An increase in 
        renewable energy generation is seen to be an important part of the plan to meet GB and 
        international emissions reductions targets. Renewable resources are often located in remote 
        areas where the connection to the national grid will be via weak distribution networks
        requiring substantial network infrastructure reinforcement. The Orkney Isles are an area of abundant renewable resource with several wind farms and 
        the European Marine Energy Centre. Orkney is connected to the mainland network by two 
        33kV submarine cables and network simulation and analysis has shown that this active 
        network management scheme may be capable of releasing capacity for DG connections by
        up to three times the firm capacity of the existing distribution network.
         To enable active management of the power flows on Orkney, the network has been
        segregated into control zones. Control logic has been designed to regulate the output or trip
        the New Non Firm Generation (NNFG) as required to optimise use of the available network.
        The inputs to the control logic are status indications from generators and network
        components, and analogue representations of power flows at zone intersections or ‘pinch points’. Each zone has its own control logic. Measurement of power flows at intersections
        and other critical points informs the decision making process performed by the control logic.  The system is partially commissioned with full operational use expected before the end of
        2010, so it is too early to quantify the benefits. There have been a number of non-financial
        benefits, one of which has been avoiding a ‘connections queue’ that is awaiting primary
        reinforcement. SSE have only addressed generation projects on Orkney that have gained
        planning consent.
        SSE engaged with Strathclyde University in Glasgow to develop the philosophy for this
        project; they were a natural partner arising from prior relationships. A government grant (DTI
        Technology Programme) in 2004 provided a helpful stimulus for the early work with
        Strathclyde. Also, SSE utilised the GB Regulator’s innovation incentive mechanisms IFI
        (Innovation Funding Incentive) and RPZ (Registered Power Zone) which fitted well with the
        proposed developments. Approximately £500,000 has been invested in this project to date.         The project was conceived from within SSE’s System Management team; it was ‘need
        driven’ arising from new DG being projected for the Orkney islands. Internal analysis soon
        revealed that this was an optimisation opportunity far greater than a simple inter-tripping
        scheme. Financial project benefits are derived from comparing the cost of the active network
        solution with the cost of extensive conventional reinforcement. This project will allow
        connection of further distributed generation on Orkney by use of novel techniques.     |